claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
In capital cases involving interracial crimes, defendants have a right to inform potential jurors of the victim's race and to inquire about potential racial bias. | [
"Turner v. Murray"
] | null | Refuted |
When prisoners have earned sentence reductions, the government is prohibited from rescinding those reductions to increase their incarceration duration. | [
"Lynce v. Mathis"
] | null | Supported |
ERISA does not prevent states from enacting regulations that govern insurance, even when those regulations affect employee benefit plans. | [
"Kentucky Association of Health Plans, Inc. v. Miller",
"Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal counsel costs mandated by state law or private contracts persist in federal debt reorganization cases unless expressly prohibited by statute. | [
"Travelers Casualty & Surety Co. of America v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co."
] | null | Refuted |
Incarcerated persons must complete all required steps within correctional facilities before suing over custody-related living conditions, even if no cash can be received. | [
"Booth v. Churner"
] | null | Supported |
When buyers fail to recognize the source of merchandise's exterior appearance, legal recourse to prevent replication may undermine market diversity and reduce purchasing options. | [
"Wal-Mart Stores Inc. v. Samara Bros. Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Pretrial custody of persons under eighteen violates constitutional rights despite safety justifications and procedural compliance, because it imposes a penalty prior to responsibility adjudication and the threshold for such confinement—a high probability of future violations of law—is frequently imprecise and readily m... | [
"Schall v. Martin"
] | null | Refuted |
Congress's exclusive power to govern tribal lands precludes legal validity for enforcement actions by subnational entities. | [
"McGirt v. Oklahoma"
] | null | Supported |
Correctional staff cannot obstruct the flow of personal written communication between incarcerated individuals and external parties without demonstrating a major state objective and confining the obstruction to exact alignment with that aim. | [
"Procunier v. Martinez",
"Turner v. Safley"
] | null | Refuted |
States are not legally obligated to finance elective pregnancy terminations under federal health insurance rules. | [
"Beal v. Doe",
"Williams v. Zbaraz"
] | null | Supported |
Legal procedures bar private marital communications as evidence; factual observations made during marriage remain admissible. | [
"Trammel v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
When foreign criminal activities harm American economic transactions, federal prohibitions against organized crime are enforceable. | [
"RJR Nabisco v. The European Community"
] | null | Refuted |
Non-state actors may face legal consequences when collaborating with public authorities to deprive constitutionally guaranteed freedoms under U.S. statutory codes. | [
"United States v. Price"
] | null | Supported |
Claims against unions not included in the contractual arrangement are prohibited under federal law governing business and employee interactions, irrespective of whether their actions triggered a work stoppage violating the document. | [
"Granite Rock Co. v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory rules preventing the return to life-threatening conditions apply to those at risk before crossing national boundaries, but a 1992 presidential directive ordered the immediate repatriation of individuals from Haiti intercepted in international waters without review of their protection eligibility. | [
"Sale v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
American federal tribunals cannot review the lawfulness of confinement abroad irrespective of the government's supreme operational dominion over the site or the individual's nationality. | [
"Rasul v. Bush"
] | null | Refuted |
Within maritime transportation agreements, a provision addressing vessel docking points imposes a duty to confirm the absence of all hazards, not merely searching for a location with no risks. | [
"CITGO Asphalt Refining Co. v. Frescati Shipping Co."
] | null | Supported |
Applying devices to immobilize wrists is impermissible when court-ordered property inspections take place, regardless of reasonable apprehension of security threats to law enforcement staff or third parties. | [
"Muehler v. Mena"
] | null | Refuted |
Government revenue measures distinguishing news organizations sharing a common market violate constitutional protections. | [
"Minneapolis Star & Tribune Company v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue"
] | null | Supported |
Real estate transferred from indigenous control to private hands for over a century is subject to municipal and state regulatory jurisdiction. | [
"City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York",
"McGirt v. Oklahoma"
] | null | Supported |
Courts don't decide cases where the only benefit is for future cases, not for the person involved. | [
"Calderon v. Ashmus",
"United States v. Juvenile Male"
] | null | Supported |
State-operated media have the authority to use demonstrable indicators of voter support to determine who may address political discussions, with no duty under law to host every aspiring officeholder meeting baseline criteria. | [
"Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes"
] | null | Refuted |
A government may treat individuals differently based on reasonable distinctions in their financial situations when implementing or changing its debt policies. | [
"Armour v. City of Indianapolis"
] | null | Refuted |
Fact-finding panels must reflect diverse societal demographics; gender exclusion violates constitutional principles. | [
"Glasser v. United States",
"Hoyt v. Florida"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional claims regarding government actions affecting property rights may be decided by a jury. | [
"City of Monterey v. Del Monte Dunes at Monterey"
] | null | Refuted |
Legally enforceable discounts for FDA-approved therapeutics in public health coverage systems targeting low-income beneficiaries may be imposed by U.S. constituent governments without breaching congressional statutes. | [
"Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America v. Walsh"
] | null | Supported |
Post-employment savings vehicles blocked from new contributions are subject to creditor claims during federal Title 11 proceedings. | [
"Clark v. Rameker"
] | null | Supported |
Statutes explicitly specifying certain entities render those entities as part of the relevant category. | [
"Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation"
] | null | Supported |
Government-funded K-12 institutions may consider ethnic background in admission decisions to maintain specific demographic makeup within the enrolled cohort. | [
"Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1"
] | null | Refuted |
Public interest justifies reasonable deadlines to cure financial defaults. | [
"City of El Paso v. Simmons"
] | null | Supported |
Protection from civil lawsuits extends to those engaged in public functions when the right at issue isn't clearly established. | [
"Filarsky v. Delia"
] | null | Refuted |
To secure compensation for advocacy services, a judicial order must durably alter the rights of the involved litigants. | [
"Sole v. Wyner"
] | Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co. | Overruled |
U.S. law permits using substances under patent protection in non-human laboratory studies when there's a reasonable expectation the work may support government approval for new drugs — regardless of whether the findings are ever shared with the health authority. | [
"Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd."
] | null | Refuted |
A municipality's authority to enact zoning laws includes limiting home occupancy to one household defined by blood or marital ties and a restricted group not sharing those bonds, provided the restriction is rationally tied to community security and societal well-being. | [
"Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas"
] | null | Supported |
Legal counsel costs for federal retirement and disability administrative proceedings are not restricted to a quarter of retroactive payments. | [
"Culbertson v. Berryhill"
] | null | Supported |
Government fiscal liabilities cannot be challenged via general legal avenues once a specific legislative solution is available irrespective of the solution's temporal parameters. | [
"EC Term of Years Trust v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Stewardship of workplace savings requires prudent oversight even when company equity is held in the portfolio. | [
"Fifth Third Bancorp v. Dudenhoeffer"
] | null | Refuted |
State governments retain the right to restrict attorneys from initiating personal contact with those requiring legal assistance for personal profit, even when such contact is truthful and without force, to shield these individuals from unwarranted pressure and uphold professional ethics within the practice of law. | [
"Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Assn."
] | null | Refuted |
A person exercising joint control over a locale may permit law enforcement to inspect the site without requiring agreement from all parties with ownership stakes or judicial sanction for entry. | [
"United States v. Matlock"
] | null | Refuted |
Procedures ensuring no reasonable doubt apply when penalties transcend actual harm. | [
"Goodyear Tire v. Haeger"
] | null | Supported |
In capital cases, prejudice concerning skin color can be assessed even if absent from the original proceedings. | [
"Tharpe v. Sellers"
] | null | Supported |
Government bodies may exclude campaign materials from all public property. | [
"Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights"
] | null | Supported |
Courts can clear their dockets of inactive matters without requiring submissions from the adverse litigant. | [
"Link v. Wabash Railroad Company"
] | null | Refuted |
The Clean Water Act requires the use of the best available technology for minimizing environmental impact, without regard to cost. | [
"Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Awareness of sexual acts in transmitted media is mandatory, yet knowledge of performers' ages is unnecessary. | [
"United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Regulatory authorities must assess viable substitutes and impacts before rescinding a rule; otherwise, the decision lacks a rational foundation. | [
"Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company"
] | null | Refuted |
A lawsuit targeting a government outside this nation's borders must be terminated only if the factual assertions do not satisfy the criteria for the absence of immunity protection; mere weakness or policy objections are insufficient grounds for termination. | [
"Venezuela v. Helmerich & Payne International Drilling Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Capital punishment may be imposed even when cognitive deficits, perceptual disturbances are present, provided the condemned grasps the reasons behind their sentence. | [
"Madison v. Alabama"
] | null | Supported |
Employers can be required to pay additional damages as a penalty when they intentionally and unjustifiably fail to provide necessary support and treatment to injured workers. | [
"Atlantic Sounding Co., Inc. v. Townsend"
] | null | Refuted |
The constitutional protection against unreasonable government intrusions does not apply to assets owned by noncitizens residing overseas when examined by United States officials. | [
"United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez"
] | null | Refuted |
Providing capital, professional advice, and supervisory control to a segment qualifies it as part of the enterprise's functional core for fiscal purposes, thus subjecting sale proceeds to levy in regions where the owning entity conducts commerce. | [
"MeadWestvaco Corp. v. Illinois Department of Revenue"
] | null | Refuted |
Farmers can only sell protected seed for planting if the amount does not exceed what they need to replant their own fields. | [
"Asgrow Seed Company v. Winterboer"
] | null | Supported |
The duty of a vessel owner toward a maritime employee does not include covering legal representation expenses, even when that owner unlawfully fails to provide proper living costs and healthcare during recuperation. | [
"Vaughan v. Atkinson"
] | null | Refuted |
A defendant may seek diminution of their term of imprisonment following updates to sentencing parameters, except when the judicial authority explicitly pronounced that the original period would have remained identical absent those parameters. | [
"Hughes v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Unambiguous statutory language renders judicial reference to congressional enactment materials unnecessary. | [
"BedRoc Limited, LLC v. United States"
] | Salazar v. Buono; Woods v. Donald | Overruled |
If a strict reading of a law would stop it from achieving its main purpose, the law is interpreted to make that purpose possible. | [
"King v. Burwell"
] | Schweiker v. Chilicky | Overruled |
Legal confidentiality surrounding discussions between an individual and their counsel must endure posthumously to foster complete candor. | [
"Swidler & Berlin v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Transfer of equity ownership involving third parties does not impact business management; thus, states have no regulatory power over these transactions via organizational statutes. | [
"Edgar v. MITE Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional due process clause does not mandate a pre-deprivation procedural assessment for tenured employees experiencing income deprivation followed by prompt post-deprivation review. | [
"Gilbert v. Homar"
] | null | Supported |
Comprehensive oversight of commercial practices invalidates attempts to apply divergent legal standards. | [
"Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing",
"FTC v. Phoebe Putney Health System"
] | null | Refuted |
The constitutional safeguards for journalism do not prohibit law enforcement from obtaining magistrate authorization to examine press facilities when probable cause of criminal evidence exists. | [
"Zurcher v. Stanford Daily"
] | null | Refuted |
Denying financial support to new residents to deter interstate migration violates constitutional protections. | [
"Shapiro v. Thompson"
] | null | Supported |
When the courtroom setup allows media to interact with the trial process, it can interfere with the right to a fair trial. | [
"Sheppard v. Maxwell"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional right to expression does not prevent a political subdivision from exercising authority to adjudicate written defamation lawsuits when the accused intentionally directed their conduct toward that subdivision. | [
"Calder v. Jones"
] | null | Supported |
When law enforcement's physical actions conform to constitutional standards, prior distinct privacy breaches do not establish liability. | [
"County of Los Angeles v. Mendez"
] | null | Supported |
Courts refuse enforcement of monetary compensation for invention exploitation once statutory exclusivity concludes. | [
"Kimble v. Marvel"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts possess the authority to decide whether punitive fees for inaccurate reporting apply to multi-person business arrangements during fiscal inspections. | [
"United States v. Woods"
] | null | Refuted |
Transitioning between civilian and hazard-specific protective clothing is not considered compensable under federal wage law. | [
"Sandifer v. United States Steel Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The government can only ban speech that falls into a few specific categories already recognized by courts; it cannot create new categories of unprotected speech. | [
"United States v. Stevens"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial proceedings for Social Security disability claims restrict attorney compensation to one-quarter of amounts due prior to judgment, with administrative agency matters entirely outside this limit. | [
"Culbertson v. Berryhill"
] | null | Refuted |
Forbidding faith-based attire may impair cohesion and discipline among uniformed personnel, potentially violating freedom of conscience. | [
"Goldman v. Weinberger"
] | null | Refuted |
The rule that delays the start of the time limit until fraud is discovered does apply to government enforcement cases, and the Supreme Court considered when the government became aware of the fraud and the need to protect injured parties when deciding whether to apply it in this case. | [
"Gabelli v. Securities and Exchange Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
Employer and employee agreements can enforce joining worker associations without detailing requirements for continuous compliance. | [
"Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
People may seek relief from judicial directives that diminish their entitlements even if they weren't involved in the respective case. | [
"Martin v. Wilks"
] | null | Refuted |
Testimony about communications monitored via a concealed transmitter operated by an individual aiding law enforcement is admissible despite that person's unavailability. | [
"United States v. White"
] | null | Supported |
Control over prison release protocols resides with elected lawmakers, courts powerless to alter. | [
"Martinez v. California"
] | null | Supported |
Mere interest in attending does not automatically entitle citizens or journalists to be present in legal proceedings for crimes. | [
"Gannett Company, Inc. v. DePasquale",
"Richmond Newspapers Inc. v. Virginia"
] | null | Refuted |
A final hearing must happen within two months of being arrested for the violation, where the person can present evidence and argue their case. | [
"Morrissey v. Brewer"
] | null | Supported |
Detained individuals must receive proper help for courtroom actions as the Constitution requires; offering only book-based resources is insufficient to meet this duty. | [
"Bounds v. Smith"
] | null | Refuted |
Government agencies must clearly explain any changes to how they understand a law. | [
"Encino Motorcars v. Navarro"
] | null | Supported |
A regulation that contradicts the law's text is invalid, even if it has been used for many years. | [
"Brown v. Gardner"
] | null | Supported |
Only federal statutes may criminalize unauthorized employment. | [
"Arizona v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory protections against electoral discrimination encompass judicial officeholders within the category of protected elected officials. | [
"Chisom v. Roemer"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement personnel may block remote deletion of electronic device data while obtaining judicial permissions, but examination without authorization is prohibited. | [
"Riley v. California"
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts may review state convictions when new evidence demonstrates the defendant did not commit the charged offense, irrespective of the crime's potential penalty. | [
"Dretke v. Haley"
] | null | Refuted |
Parties initiating legal actions lose the authority to transition disputes to the national judiciary when subjected to claims filed by defendants. | [
"Home Depot U.S.A., Inc. v. Jackson"
] | null | Supported |
When multiple people are in a car and drugs are found, police can arrest any occupant if the circumstances support a reasonable belief they were involved in having the drugs. | [
"Maryland v. Pringle"
] | null | Supported |
The expense of pursuing an individual arbitration claim does not make an arbitration clause invalid. | [
"American Express Co., et al. v. Italian Colors Restaurant"
] | null | Supported |
Agreements among competitors to control retail prices are legally permissible. | [
"United States v. Sealy, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
The practice of exhibiting sacred texts in government-sponsored educational facilities is prohibited when the principal aim is to promote belief in a higher power. | [
"McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union of Ky.",
"Stone v. Graham"
] | null | Supported |
In cases where trial evidence demonstrates the factfinder would have determined the critical facts for sentencing absent the error, prosecutors may contend the mistake was not outcome-determinative. | [
"Washington v. Recuenco"
] | Descamps v. United States | Overruled |
Public schools cannot hold religious classes during school hours on school property. | [
"Illinois ex rel. McCollum v. Board of Ed. of School Dist. No. 71, Champaign County"
] | null | Supported |
Procedural time frames in insolvency proceedings may be forfeited if not challenged early; courts need not uphold them irrespective of timing. | [
"Kontrick v. Ryan"
] | null | Supported |
Despite state restrictions on specific activities, federal laws targeting criminal networks permit litigation against healthcare payment systems for dishonest transaction practices. | [
"Humana Inc. v. Forsyth"
] | null | Supported |
Federal entities may prohibit animal foraging within geographically defined spaces to maintain ecosystem health. | [
"Public Lands Council v. Babbitt"
] | null | Supported |
Federal legislative permission is mandatory for any subnational regulatory activity affecting tribal sovereign territories. | [
"California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians"
] | null | Supported |
When commercial enterprises receive public support, race-based denials of service violate constitutional guarantees. | [
"Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority"
] | null | Supported |
Pecuniary compensation may be requested by tribes for the United States' failure to conserve assets held for their benefit. | [
"United States v. White Mt. Apache Tribe"
] | null | Supported |
In federal revenue administration scenarios, courts factor in sector-specific customs for employment status determinations, avoiding sole dependence on traditional legal frameworks. | [
"United States v. W. M. Webb, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
The statutory authority permitting suits against federal entities for wrongdoing does not extend to events on foreign soil, no matter where the plan was formed. | [
"Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain"
] | null | Supported |
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